A semiannual International Research Journal
All corrections to published articles require formal authorization by the Editor-in-Chief. The editorial board reserves the right to determine the magnitude of amendments, with minor corrections implemented directly in the original article.
An Erratum constitutes a formal notice addressing errors introduced by the publisher that compromise the integrity of the version of record, author reputation, or journal credibility. It is issued as a statement by the authors, detailing corrections necessitated by publisher error(s) and noting impacts on the paper’s conclusions. The original article remains extant in the online repository, with the Erratum linked to it and freely accessible.
An Addendum provides supplementary information essential to reader comprehension of a significant aspect of the published work. It does not contradict the original publication but may include omitted critical data available at the time of submission. Addenda are subject to editorial oversight and may undergo peer review per journal policy. This category encompasses Editorial Expressions of Concern, which alert readers to substantive ethical or methodological issues and are updated upon resolution. Addenda are published sparingly and only when deemed crucial by the editors.
A Retraction denotes the removal of a manuscript from the scientific literature due to unreliable findings, whether arising from misconduct or bona fide error. Grounds for retraction include:
Prior publication without attribution, permission, or justification;
Plagiarism;
Unethical research practices.
The retracted article persists online with a prominently linked Retraction Notice, freely accessible and explicitly stating the rationale, responsible parties, and dissenting authors (if applicable). Retractions may be initiated by authors, editors, or the publisher, adhering to COPE guidelines.
In exceptional cases involving legal violations, the Publisher reserves the right to redact or remove content, preserving bibliographic metadata to maintain record integrity.
A Corrigendum is issued to rectify significant errors attributable to the authors, affecting the publication record, scientific validity, or reputational standing. All Corrigenda require editorial approval and are linked to the original article.